Genesis chapter 22 gives the account of the ‘Binding of Isaac’ where God asks Abraham to make a ritual sacrifice of his only son, Isaac. The conventional understanding of this event is that God is testing the faith of Abraham, and once Abraham proves his obedience, God rewards Abraham by sparing his son.
During the Second Temple period [which included the time of Jesus], the figure of Isaac was portrayed as taking an active role in the event, a role critical as that of Abraham. Isaac was seen as a fully obedient son, a willing sacrifice compliant to God’s will. The ‘Binding’ was as much a test of the faith of Isaac as it was a test of his father. The resistance or disobedience of either would have had disastrous consequences for the Jewish people. But their obedience assured God’s blessing for generations to come
There are many indications that Jesus was understood as a ‘new Isaac.’ These points of comparison are most evident in Matthew’s Gospel, and there are also hints throughout the Pauline Letters.
The following are the main comparisons:
• Both Jesus and Isaac were promised sons conceived outside the normal course of nature.
• At Jesus’ baptism and at the Transfiguration, the Heavenly Voice spoke of Jesus as ‘my beloved son’, a direct reference to Genesis 22.
• Jesus was portrayed as resolutely obedient to God’s will. His willing sacrifice initiated the New Covenant, in the same way that Isaac’s obedience assured the Old Covenant.
• The ‘Binding of Isaac’ and Jesus’ passion both took place during the Passover season.
• The willing and active obedience of Jesus and Isaac had salvation consequences for the world.
• Two sons laid down their lives, only to have them given back to them — just as two fathers, who gave up their sons, had them restored.
The most enduring insight I think comes from the first verse of Matthew where the genealogy of Jesus named him as ‘Messiah, Son of David, Son of Abraham.’ For those Jews hoping for the appearance of a victorious Messiah who would rescue God’s chosen people, naming Jesus as ‘Son of David,’ the great king, makes good sense. But to also call Jesus ‘Son of Abraham’ modifies this kingly image. Jesus would be a king, but a king who would be tested and would suffer. To call Jesus ‘Son of Abraham’ also linked him to God’s larger covenant promises to Abraham to form a great people that would bless all nations. The comparison to Isaac was a re-acknowledgement that, even as God’s chosen, the way is through submission to God.
And we can wonder, how much did Jesus have Isaac in mind as he approached Jerusalem for a final time, as he broke bread at the Last Supper, as he prayed in Gethsemane?
There are four sections to this reading and I suggest they be marked by a 2 or 3 minute silence or the singing of a verse from a hymn.
‘Beloved Sons’ was first presented at the Calvin Seminary Chapel during Lent 2011.